如何繪畫植物細胞

 如何繪畫植物細胞

  

協助記憶及掌握重要資訊

1.      形狀(shape)

2.      相對大小(因未必可完全按比例繪畫)

3.      顏色(如使用顏色筆的話)

4.      相對位置

 

試應用以上的準則，繪畫DSE程度的植物細胞構造

 

留意繪圖內以下構造的特徵是否已顯示出來:

	構造名稱	要顯示的特徵
1	細胞壁	在最外層，有一定厚度(用兩條線表示)，標註應指向兩條線中間位置
2	細胞膜	第二層。相對細胞壁來說很薄，因此用一條線表示。標註時指向這條線的位置
3	大液泡	位於中央。 是植物細胞內最大的細胞器。
4	細胞核	除了大液泡外，細胞內最大的細胞器。 每個細胞一般祇有一個細胞核。 核膜有兩層膜組成。
5	粗糙內質網	由核膜外層延伸出細胞質。 網狀的管道系統。 內質網表面(膜上)黏附許多核糖體。 幾乎覆蓋於細胞質內不同位置。
6	光滑內質網	網狀的管道系統。 幾乎覆蓋於細胞質內不同位置。 表面光滑，沒有核糖體
7	核糖體	最細小的細胞器。 有許多，游離於細胞質中。
8	葉綠體	於植物細胞內，體積僅次細胞核的細胞器。 呈綠色(因內含葉綠素) 雙層膜 葉綠體內的多個堆叠狀(基粒)的圓餅狀構造(類囊體)，基粒與基粒之間有管道連接
9	線粒體	體積較葉綠體細小(光學顯微鏡下無法看見) 雙層膜，內膜呈凹凸狀
10	細胞質	被細胞膜包著的範圍，呈液體狀。以上的細胞器位於細胞質內。

 

	Cell structures	Features should be shown
1	Cell wall	-      the outermost layer, with a certain thickness (represented by two lines), -      labelling should be pointed to the middle of the two lines.
2	Cell membrane	-      the second layer. -      It is relatively thin compared to the cell wall, so it is represented by a single line. -      When labeling, point to the position of this line.
3	Large vacuole	-      Located in the centre. -      It is the largest organelle in plant cells.
4	Nucleus	-      Aside from the large vacuole, it is the largest organelle in the cell. -      Usually, each cell has only one nucleus -      The nuclear membrane is composed of two layers of membranes.
5	Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)	-      Extends from the outer layer of the nuclear membrane into the cytoplasm. -      A network of tubular system -      Many ribosomes are attached to the surface (membrane) of ER -      Covers almost the entire cytoplasm in different positions.
6	Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)	-      A network of tubular system -      Covers almost the entire cytoplasm in different positions. -      Surface is smooth, without ribosomes.
7	Ribosomes	-      The smallest organelle. -      There are many, floating in the cytoplasm.
8	Chloroplast	-      In plant cells, it is the second largest organelle after the nucleus. -      Green in color (due to the presence of chlorophyll). -      Double membrane. -      Multiple stacked, pancake-like structures (thylakoids) inside the chloroplasts, connected by pipes between thylakoids.
9	Mitochondrion	-      Smaller in size compared to chloroplasts (cannot be seen under an optical microscope). -      Double membrane, with the inner membrane being folded.
10	Cytoplasm	-      The area enclosed by the cell membrane is in a liquid state. -      The organelles mentioned above are located within the cytoplasm.